Leaf purpling on the opposite side of the lerps, chlorosis, leaf necrosis, and defoliation.

Tree Protection Co-operative Programme
Shell lerp psyllid / Spondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides
Download PDFSpondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides
Common NameShell lerp psyllid / Spondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides
Scientific NameSpondyliaspis cf. plicatuloides
OriginAustralia
Distribution in South AfricaGauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, Western Cape
Symptoms
Biology
Adults lay eggs in clusters on the leaf surface and eggs incubate for 11 days. The nymphs develop under brown scalloped shelters for 23 days, and females reach reproductive maturity 2 days after eclosion, laying an average of 16 eggs. The total life cycle from egg to adult death spans 37 days (Makunde et al. 2023).
Management
Although not much is known, the parasitic wasp Psyllaephagus bliteus, known to parasitize other lerp-forming psyllids, has been found parasitizing the shell lerp psyllid. Planting resistant material is also a potential management strategy.
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