Pests and pathogens identified from botanical gardens in South Africa
|
Species
|
Order: Family
|
Native range
|
Collected/isolated from
|
Botanic garden
1
|
Ace of spades cycad stem borer, Phacecorynes variegatus
|
Coleoptera: Curcullionidae
|
South Africa
|
Encephalartos cycads
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
2
|
African citrus psyllid, Trioza erytreae
|
Hemiptera: Triozidae
|
Africa
|
Cirus spp., Clausena anisata, Zanthoxylum davyi
|
Durban Botanical Garden, KwaZulu-Natal NBG, Pretoria NBG
3
|
Aloe red scale, Separaspis capensis
|
Hemiptera: Diaspididae
|
Unknown
|
Aloe spp.
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
4
|
Araucaria scale, Uhleria araucariae
|
Hemiptera: Eriococcidae
|
Unknown
|
Araucaria heterophylla
|
Arderne Gardens, KwaZulu-Natal NBG
5
|
Armoured scale insect, Chrysompahlus pinnulifer
|
Hemiptera: Diaspididae
|
Unknown
|
Syzygium guineense
|
Arderne Gardens
6
|
Armoured scale insect, Duplachionaspis sp.
|
Hemiptera: Diaspididae
|
Unknown
|
Aloe marlothii, A. arborescens
|
Pretoria NBG
7
|
Asian woolly hackberry aphid, Shivaphis celti
|
Hemiptera: Aphididae
|
Asia
|
Celtis africana
|
Arderne Gardens
8
|
Aspidiotus capensis
|
Hemiptera: Diaspididae
|
South Africa
|
Encephalartos senticosus, E. altenstenii
|
Pretoria NBG
9
|
Banded Snout Beetle, Phlyctinus callosus
|
Coleoptera: Curcullionidae
|
South Africa
|
Different succulent hosts, including aloes
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
10
|
Bracket fungus, Ganoderma spp. (mainly G. destructans)
|
Polyporales: Ganodermataceae
|
Unknown
|
Senegalia nigrescens, Vachellia xanthophloea, Combretum sp., Dracaena sp., Searsia chirindensis
|
Pretoria NBG
Olinia ventosa
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
Fagus sylvatica
|
Arderne Gardens
Celtis Africana, Aracaria sp.
|
KwaZulu-Natal NBG
C. Africana, Combretum erythrophyllum, Dombeya cymosa
|
Walter Sisulu NBG
11
|
Cinara tujafilina*
|
Hemiptera: Ahididae
|
Asia
|
Widdringtonia wallichii (formerly W. cederbergensis)
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
12
|
Cycad aulacaspis scale, Aulacaspis yatsumatsui
|
Hemiptera: Diaspididae
|
South East Asia
|
Cycad revoluta and other exotic cycad species
|
Durban Botanical Garden, Pretoria NBG
13
|
Cypress aphid, Cinara cupressi*
|
Hemiptera: Ahididae
|
North America
|
Widdringtonia nodiflora
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
14
|
Ectopsocus briggsi
|
Hemiptera: Psyllidae
|
Unknown
|
Laurus nobilis
|
Arderne Gardens
15
|
Erythrina gall wasp, Quadrasticus erythrinae
|
Hymenoptera: Eulophidae
|
East Africa
|
Erythrina caffra, E. lysistemon
|
Durban Botanical Garden, KwaZulu-Nalal NBG
16
|
Euplatypus sp.*
|
Coleoptera: Curcullionidae
|
Unknown
|
Ficus macrophylla
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
17
|
Flat mite, Cenopalpus pterinus
|
Trombidiformes: Tenuipalpidae
|
Unknown
|
Fagus sylvatica var purpurea
|
Arderne Gardens
18
|
Fluted cushion scale, Icerya purchasi
|
Hemiptera: Monophlebidae
|
Australia
|
Citrus spp.
|
KwaZulu-Natal NBG
19
|
Fusarium euwallaceae (Fungal symbiont of Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB)*
|
Hypocreales: Nectriaceae
|
Asia
|
Platanus x acerifolia
|
Kwazulu-Natal NBG
Senegalia galipinii, Acer negundo, Brachychiton discolour, Dombeya rotundifolia, Erythrina lysistemon, Quercus kellogii, Searsia lancea, Liquidambar styraciflua
|
Pretoria National Zoological Garden
20
|
Gardenbane Weevil, Ellimenistes laesicollis
|
Coleoptera: Curcullionidae
|
Southern Africa
|
Many hosts
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
21
|
Greater aloe snout beetle Brachycerus tauriculus
|
Coleoptera: Curcullionidae
|
Southern Africa
|
Many Aloe spp.
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
22
|
Honey fungus, Armillaria mellea, A.gallica
|
Agaricales: Physalacriaceae
|
Northern hemisphere
|
Fagus sylvatica, Lithocarpus sp., Rhododendron sp.
|
Arderne Gardens
Brabejum stellatifolium, Olea capensis subsp. Capensis, Senegalia burkei, Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii, Albizia adianthifolia, Apodytes dimidiata, Cassine peragua, Celtis African, Cinnamomum camphora, Ealaedendron croceum, Ficus lutea, Ilex mitis, Indigofera spp., Leucadendron argeteum, Olea capensis, O. woodiana, Protorhus longifolia, Salix mucronate, Schotia afra, Searsia chirindensis, Trema arientalis, Trichelia dregeana, Vepris lanceolate, Virgilia orobodes, Widdringtonia nodiflora
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
23
|
Large cycad stem borer, Phacecorynes sommeri
|
Coleoptera: Curcullionidae
|
South Africa
|
Encephalartos cycad
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
24
|
Latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae
|
Hemiptera: Diaspididae
|
Unknown
|
Fagus sylvatica var purpurea
|
Arderne Gardens
25
|
Lecanodiaspis sp.
|
Hemiptera: Lecanodiaspididae
|
Unknown
|
Hibiscus sp.
|
Pretoria NBG
26
|
Lesser aloe snout beetle, Rhadinomerus illictus
|
Coloeptera: Curcullionidae
|
Southern Africa
|
Most Aloe species
|
Harold Porter NBG, Kirstenbosch NBG
27
|
Mining scale, Howardia biclavis
|
Hemiptera: Diaspididae
|
New World tropics or Africa
|
Fagus sylvatica var purpurea
|
Arderne Gardens
28
|
Palm aphid, Cerataphis sp.
|
Hemiptera: Aphididae
|
South East Asia
|
Cococ nucifera
|
Durban Botanical Garden
29
|
Phaea sp.
|
Coloeptera: Ceraymbecidae
|
Unknown
|
Erythrina lysistemon
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
30
|
Phytophthora amnicola*
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Soil mix and water source samples
|
Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden
31
|
Phytophthora asparagi*
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Garden bed samples
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
32
|
Phytophthora capensis
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Garden bed samples
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
33
|
Phytophthora chlamydospora
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Soil mix samples
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
34
|
Phytophthora cinnamomi
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Garden bed samples, Quercus suber, Leucadendron argenteum
|
Harold Porter NBG, Kirstenbosch NBG, Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden
35
|
Phytophthora lacustris
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Water source samples
|
Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden
36
|
Phytophthora multivora
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Garden bed and soil mix samples, Cupressus sempervirens
|
City of Cape Town Company’s Garden, Harold Porter NBG, Kirstenbosch NBG, Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden,
37
|
Phytophthora nicotianae
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Roots and rhizosphere soil of dying Encephalartos spp.
|
Pretoria NBG
38
|
Phytophthora tropicalis*
|
Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae
|
Unknown
|
Garden bed samples
|
City of Cape Town Company’s Garden
39
|
Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (PSHB), Euwallacea fornicatus*
|
Coleoptera: Curcullionidae
|
Asia
|
Platanus x acerifolia
|
KwaZulu-Natal NBG
Senegalia galipinii, Acer negundo, Brachychiton discolour, Dombeya rotundifolia, Erythrina lysistemon, Quercus kellogii, Searsia lancea, Liquidambar styraciflua
|
Pretoria National Zoological Garden
Vachellia sieberiana var. woodii, Cordia caffra, Erythrina lysistemon, E. abysinnica
|
Walter Sisulu NBG
40
|
Pulvinaria delottoi
|
Hemiptera: Coccidae
|
South Africa
|
Mesembranthymum sp.
|
Durban Botanical Garden
41
|
Pyriform scale, Protopulvinaria pyriformis
|
Hemiptera: Coccidae
|
Unknown
|
Syzygium guineense
|
Arderne Gardens
42
|
Sciobius tottus
|
Coleoptera: Curculionidae
|
Southern Africa
|
Cilvia spp., Melianthus spp.
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
43
|
Seychelles scale, Icerya seychellarum
|
Hemiptera: Monophlebidae
|
Seychelles or South Africa
|
Camellia japonica, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
|
Arderne Gardens
44
|
Sophronica carbonaria
|
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae
|
Unknown
|
Aloe succotrina
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
45
|
The garden Acraea, Acraea horta
|
Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae
|
Southern Africa
|
Kiggelaria africana
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
46
|
The golden mealybug, Nipaecoccus aurilanatus
|
Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae
|
Australia
|
Araucaria sp.
|
Arderne Gardens, KwaZulu-Natal NBG
47
|
The leopard magpie moth, Zerenopsis leopardina
|
Lepidoptera: Geometridae
|
Southern Africa
|
A range of native cycads
|
KwaZulu-Natal NBG
48
|
Trichopsocus clarus*
|
Psocoptera: Trichopsocidae
|
Unknown
|
Camellia japonica, Viburnum sp., Zanthoxylum davyi,
|
Arderne Gardens
49
|
Trioza bullatae
|
Hemiptera: Psyllidae
|
South Africa
|
Ocotea bullata
|
Kirstenbosch NBG
50
|
Trioza sp.
|
Hemiptera: Triozidae
|
Unknown
|
Hellaria lucida
|
Harold Porter NBG, Kirstenbosch NBG
Curtisia dentate
|
Harold Porter NBG
Ficus sur
|
KwaZulu-Natal NBG, Pretoria NBG
51
|
Wax scales, Ceroplastes sp.
|
Hemiptera: Coccidae
|
Unknown
|
Podocarpus henkelii
|
Pretoria NBG
52
|
White powdery scale, Pseudocribrolecanium andersoni
|
Hemiptera: Coccidae
|
Africa
|
Strelitiz nicolai
|
Durban Botanical Garden
53
|
Woolly whitefly, Aleurothrixus floccosus
|
Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae
|
Neotropics
|
Citrus spp.
|
Pretoria NBG
* - First confirmed records for South Africa
NBG – National Botanical Garden