Mr Matthew Jackson

My BScHons at Rhodes University:

I obtained a BSc in Microbiology and Biochemistry in 2017 at Rhodes University. In 2018, I also completed a BScHons in Biotechnology at Rhodes University. My Honours project involved optimising a multiplex PCR assay for use in the detection of two baculoviruses, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus and Cryptophlebia peltastica nucleopolyhedrovirus, which are being used for the control of the False Codling Moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta - a huge pest to the South African citrus industry. From this research, I developed a prototype for a testing kit, which can be used to detect these baculoviruses in the field and within rearing facilities. My honours project inspired me to continue pursuing my studies in agricultural biotechnology.

My MSc at FABI:

I completed my MSc. in Genetics at FABI. My research focuses on the population genetics of the Fall Armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda - a polyphagous pest native to the Americas, which has recently invaded Africa. I used microsatellite markers to understand the genetic variation and population structure of the Fall Armyworm in Africa.

Currently, in South Africa, the Fall Armyworm is being controlled by the use of genetically-modified crops. Although resistance by the Fall Armyworm towards GM crops has yet to be identified in South Africa, it may only be a matter of time before this occurs. If deleterious resistance alleles are to arrive in South Africa from the Americas, or if they are to develop through mutation, it is important to understand which regions these traits could spread to, and how rapidly they may spread through populations.

Population genetics could provide insight into the ecological and evolutionary processes of the Fall Armyworm, such as its migratory patterns and mutations, as well as sites of introduction. If this is understood, the necessary control strategies can be implemented to minimise the spread of resistance alleles.

As part of this project, I also used CRISPR/Cas9 to target specific genes involved in pigmentation and segment formation within S. frugiperda in order to help establish the technology at FABI. Gene-editing of these easily-identifiable phenotypic traits would allow for easier identification of successful alteration. Establishing this technology forms the basis from which we can target other genes in the Fall Armyworm using CRISPR/Cas9. For instance, genes involved in resistance against genetically modified crops could be targeted as part of a control strategy against this pest. We will also be developing a rapid identification protocol for , using CRISPR/Cas which will streamline time-consuming identification methods.

Mr Matthew Jackson

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